Immunoglobulins and Antibody Engineering
Understanding the biology of antibodies and the technologies shaping their future
The Basics of Humoral Immunity
Antibodies also known as immunoglobulins (Ig) are critical players in the body’s defense system.
From immune defense to clinical significance
Antibodies are more than immune soldiers they are central to medical diagnostics, therapeutics, and biotechnology.
How Antibodies Are Studied and Applied
Laboratory Techniques
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) – Detecting and quantifying antibodies in samples.
Western blot – Identifying specific proteins using antibodies.
Flow cytometry – Analyzing cell populations with fluorescent-labeled antibodies.
Expression Systems for Antibody Production
- CHO Cells (Chinese Hamster Ovary) – Preferred for therapeutic antibody production due to high yield and stability.
- HEK293 Cells – Used for recombinant antibody expression, offering rapid production.
- Hybridoma Technology – Generating monoclonal antibodies from fused B cells and myeloma cells.
Advanced Antibody Engineering Techniques
Phage Display Technology : Selecting high-affinity antibodies from large libraries.
Humanization & Affinity Maturation : Optimizing antibodies for therapeutic applications.
Nanobody Engineering : Developing single-domain antibodies derived from camelid species.
CRISPR-Based Antibody Modifications : Using gene editing to enhance antibody properties.
